the New Left

new [nju:]

nouveau ⇒ 1 (a)-(e), 2 neuf ⇒ 1 (a) autre ⇒ 1 (a)

(compar newer, superl newest)

1 adjective

(a) (gen) nouveau(elle); (different) nouveau(elle), autre; (unused) neuf, nouveau(elle);

∎ a new tablecloth (brand new) une nouvelle nappe, une nappe neuve; (fresh) une nouvelle nappe, une nappe propre;

∎ new evidence de nouvelles preuves;

∎ he's wearing his new suit for the first time il porte son nouveau costume ou son costume neuf pour la première fois;

∎ I don't want to get my new gloves dirty je ne veux pas salir mes nouveaux gants ou gants neufs;

∎ this dress isn't new ce n'est pas une robe neuve ou une nouvelle robe, cette robe n'est pas neuve;

∎ have you seen their new house yet? est-ce que tu as vu leur nouvelle maison?;

∎ she needs a new sheet of paper il lui faut une autre feuille de papier;

∎ we need some new ideas il nous faut de nouvelles idées ou des idées neuves;

∎ a new application of an old theory une nouvelle application d'une vieille théorie;

∎ there are new people in the flat next door il y a de nouveaux occupants dans l'appartement d'à côté;

∎ she likes her new boss elle aime bien son nouveau patron;

∎ new members are always welcome nous sommes toujours ravis d'accueillir de nouveaux adhérents;

∎ to look for new business faire de la prospection;

∎ America was a new country (just developing) l'Amérique était un pays neuf;

∎ under new management (sign) changement de propriétaire;

∎ as or like new comme neuf; (in advertisement) état neuf;

∎ as good as new (again) (clothing, carpet) (à nouveau) comme neuf; (watch, electrical appliance) (à nouveau) en parfait état de marche;

∎ to feel like a new woman/man se sentir revivre;

∎ to make a new woman/man of sb transformer qn complètement;

∎ proverb there's nothing new under the sun il n'y a rien de nouveau sous le soleil

(b) (latest, recent → issue, recording, baby) nouveau(elle);

∎ the newest fashions la dernière mode;

∎ is there anything new on the catastrophe? est-ce qu'il y a du nouveau sur la catastrophe?;

∎ familiar what's new? quoi de neuf?;

∎ familiar (so) what's new!, what else is new! (dismissive) quelle surprise!;

∎ that's nothing new! rien de nouveau à cela!

(c) (unfamiliar → experience, environment) nouveau(elle);

∎ everything's still very new to me here tout est encore tout nouveau pour moi ici;

∎ familiar that's a new one on me! (joke) celle-là, on ne me l'avait jamais faite!; (news) première nouvelle!; (experience) on en apprend tous les jours!

(d) (recently arrived) nouveau(elle); (novice) novice;

∎ you're new here, aren't you? vous êtes nouveau ici, n'est-ce pas?;

∎ those curtains are new in this room ces rideaux n'étaient pas dans cette pièce;

∎ she's new to the job elle débute dans le métier;

∎ we're new to this area nous venons d'arriver dans la région

(e) Cookery (wine, potatoes, carrots) nouveau(elle)

2 noun

nouveau m;

∎ the cult of the new le culte du nouveau

►► familiar new blood sang m neuf;

Finance new borrowings nouveaux emprunts mpl;

new boy School nouveau m, nouvel élève m; (in office, team etc) nouveau m;

New Britain Nouvelle-Bretagne f;

New Brunswick le Nouveau-Brunswick;

∎ in New Brunswick dans le Nouveau-Brunswick;

Architecture new brutalism brutalisme m;

Marketing new buy situation situation f de nouvel achat;

New Caledonia Nouvelle-Calédonie f;

∎ in New Caledonia en Nouvelle-Calédonie;

1 noun

Néo-Calédonien(enne) m,f

2 adjective

néo-calédonien;

Finance new capital capitaux mpl frais;

(a) History le New Deal (programme de réformes sociales mises en place aux États-Unis par le président Roosevelt au lendemain de la grande dépression des années 30)

(b) British Politics = programme du gouvernement Blair destiné à aider les jeunes à trouver un emploi;

New Delhi New Delhi;

French Canadian New Democratic Party Nouveau Parti m démocratique;

new economy nouvelle économie f;

New England Nouvelle-Angleterre f;

∎ in New England en Nouvelle-Angleterre;

New Englander habitant(e) m,f de la Nouvelle-Angleterre;

the New English Bible = texte de la Bible révisé dans les années 60;

New Forest = région forestière dans le sud de l'Angleterre;

New Forest pony New Forest m (cheval);

new girl School nouvelle (élève) f; (in office, team) nouvelle f;

new grammar la nouvelle grammaire;

New Guinea Nouvelle-Guinée f;

∎ in New Guinea en Nouvelle-Guinée;

New Hampshire le New Hampshire;

∎ in New Hampshire dans le New Hampshire;

1 noun

Néo-Hébridais(e) m,f

2 adjective

néo-hébridais;

New Hebrides Nouvelles-Hébrides fpl;

∎ in the New Hebrides aux Nouvelles-Hébrides;

New Ireland Nouvelle-Irlande f;

∎ in New Ireland en Nouvelle-Irlande;

Stock Exchange new issue nouvelle émission f;

Stock Exchange new issue market marché m des nouvelles émissions, marché m primaire;

New Jersey le New Jersey;

∎ in New Jersey dans le New Jersey;

New Labour = nouveau nom donné au parti travailliste britannique vers le milieu des années quatre-vingt-dix dans le souci d'en moderniser l'image;

British familiar new lad jeune homme m moderne^□ (qui boit avec modération et n'est pas sexiste);

New Latin latin m scientifique;

British Politics the New Left la nouvelle gauche;

new look nouvelle image f;

the New Look (in post-war fashion) le new-look;

New Man homme m moderne (qui participe équitablement à l'éducation des enfants et aux tâches ménagères);

American new math, British new maths les maths fpl modernes;

the new media les nouveaux médias mpl;

New Mexico le Nouveau-Mexique;

∎ in New Mexico au Nouveau-Mexique;

British History the New Model Army = nom donné à l'armée anglaise après la révolte du Parlement en 1645;

new money (after decimalization) système m monétaire décimal; Finance crédit m de restructuration;

∎ what's ten shillings in new money? ten shillings, ça fait combien en système décimal?;

∎ she married into new money (wealth) elle s'est mariée avec un homme issue d'une famille enrichie de fraîche date; pejorative elle s'est mariée avec un nouveau riche;

new moon nouvelle lune f;

Press New Musical Express = hebdomadaire anglais de musique rock;

New Orleans La Nouvelle-Orléans;

new potato pomme f de terre nouvelle;

Commerce & Marketing new product nouveau produit m;

Commerce & Marketing new product development développement m de nouveaux produits;

Commerce & Marketing new product marketing marketing m de nouveaux produits;

New Providence île f de la Nouvelle-Providence;

New Quebec Nouveau-Québec m;

∎ in New Quebec au Nouveau-Québec;

the new rich les nouveaux riches mpl;

New Right nouvelle droite f;

Press the New Scientist = hebdomadaire scientifique britannique;

New Scotland Yard = siège de la police à Londres;

New South Wales la Nouvelle-Galles du Sud;

∎ in New South Wales en Nouvelle-Galles du Sud;

Finance new shares actions fpl nouvelles;

Press the New Statesman = hebdomadaire britannique de gauche;

new technology nouvelle technologie f, technologie f de pointe;

the New Territories les Nouveaux Territoires mpl (de Hong Kong);

Bible New Testament Nouveau Testament m;

British new town ville f nouvelle;

new wave (in cinema) nouvelle vague f; (in pop music) new wave f;

the New World le Nouveau Monde;

New Year Nouvel An m;

∎ happy New Year! bonne année!;

∎ to see in the New Year réveillonner (le 31 décembre);

New Year's resolutions résolutions fpl pour la nouvelle année;

∎ have you made any New Year's resolutions? tu as des résolutions pour la nouvelle année?;

American New Year's (day) le premier de l'an; (eve) le soir du réveillon ou du 31 décembre;

New Year's Day jour m de l'an;

New Year's Eve Saint-Sylvestre f;

the New Year's Honours List = titres et distinctions honorifiques décernés par la Reine à l'occasion de la nouvelle année et dont la liste est établie officieusement par le Premier ministre;

New York (City) New York;

New Yorker New-Yorkais(e) m,f;

Press the New Yorker = hebdomadaire culturel et littéraire new-yorkais;

Stock Exchange New York Mercantile Exchange = marché à terme des produits pétroliers de New York;

New York (State) l'État m de New York;

∎ in (the State of) New York, in New York (State) dans l'État de New York;

the New York subway le métro new-yorkais;

Press the New York Times = quotidien américain de qualité;

New Zealand Nouvelle-Zélande f;

∎ in New Zealand en Nouvelle-Zélande;

New Zealand butter beurre m néo-zélandais;

New Zealander Néo-Zélandais(e) m,f

✾ Music 'New World Symphony' or 'From the New World' Dvorák 'La Symphonie du Nouveau Monde'

ⓘ NEW LABOUR Après dix-huit ans de gouvernement conservateur, les élections de mai 1997 propulsèrent les travaillistes au pouvoir avec une écrasante majorité. Convaincus par plusieurs défaites électorales de l'inéligibilité du parti travailliste traditionnel dans une Grande-Bretagne bouleversée par le thatchérisme, les nouveaux dirigeants décidèrent de réorganiser et de renommer le parti afin d'élargir leur électorat aux classes moyennes. Les "nouveaux travaillistes" établirent des liens étroits avec le patronat et promurent une "troisième voie" comme alternative à la traditionnelle idéologie de gauche du parti. Cependant, les fidèles du parti commencèrent très vite à souhaiter un retour aux valeurs traditionnelles de la gauche.

A a.

1 nuovo; novello; recente; fresco; moderno: a new idea, un'idea nuova; new economy, new economy (l'insieme delle attività economiche basate sulle nuove tecnologie informatiche e di rete); That's a new word to me, questa parola mi è nuova, ignota; new and second-hand books, libri nuovi e libri di seconda mano; DIALOGO → - New phone- Have you got a new phone?, hai un telefono nuovo?; new potatoes, patate novelle; spanking new (o brand new) nuovo di zecca

2 nuovo; diverso: DIALOGO → - Ordering wine- I'll be right back with a new bottle, arrivo subito con un'altra bottiglia; DIALOGO → - Building work- We are looking for a new place, stiamo cercando un'altra casa

B n. [u]

– the new, ciò che è nuovo; il nuovo

● (mus., filos.) New Age, New Age; (GB) New Age traveller, persona senza fissa dimora che rifiuta i valori della società moderna □ new blood, sangue nuovo ( anche fig.); persone nuove, forze nuove, ricambi; ( anche) idee nuove, innovazioni □ a new broom, una scopa nuova; (fig.) un nuovo assunto; uno nominato di fresco; un nuovo capo □ ( sport) new buy, nuovo acquisto; neo acquisto □ (fam. USA) new-collar, piccolo borghese di origini operaie □ new-day, alla moda, aggiornato, moderno: new-day conveyances, i moderni mezzi di trasporto □ (stor., in USA) the New Deal, il ‘New Deal’ (del Presidente F.D. Roosevelt, dopo il 1932) □ (in USA) New Englander, abitante (o nativo) della Nuova Inghilterra □ the new entrants, le nuove leve (di lavoratori); i nuovi concorrenti ( in un mercato) □ (econ.) New Keynesian economics, economia neokeynesiana □ (polit.) New Labour, il nuovo partito laburista ( quello di Tony Blair) □ (polit.) the New Left, la nuova sinistra □ (polit.) New Leftist, membro della nuova sinistra □ ( arte, moda, ecc.) new look, new look □ new moon, luna nuova ( non la si vede dalla terra), novilunio; nuova luna, primo quarto di luna, falce di luna crescente □ (in GB, dopo il 1971) new penny, nuovo penny ( moneta pari a 1 centesimo di sterlina) □ ( sport) new professional, neoprofessionista □ a new release, una novità (spec. discografica) □ the new rich, gli arricchiti; i nuovi ricchi □ (polit.) the New Right, la nuova destra □ New Scotland Yard, la (nuova) sede della Polizia «Metropolitana» di Londra □ (fin.) new shares, azioni di nuova emissione □ new snow, neve nuova; neve fresca □ (agric.) new soil, terreno vergine □ (relig.) the New Testament, il Nuovo Testamento □ new town, città satellite □ (in GB) new university, nuova università ( nome nuovo, dal 1992 dato ai vecchi ‘politecnici’) □ new wave, (cinem.) nouvelle vague; (mus.) new wave □ (geogr.) the New World, il Nuovo Mondo □ New Year, Anno Nuovo □ the New Year holidays, le vacanze di Capodanno □ New Year's Day, Capodanno; il primo dell'anno NOTE DI CULTURA: ► bank holiday, sotto bank (2) □ New Year's eve, la vigilia di capodanno; l'ultimo dell'anno □ New Year's resolution, proposito per l'anno nuovo □ New Yorker, newyorchese; nuovayorchese □ (fam. USA) New Yorky, tipico di New York □ (geogr.) New Zealand, Nuova Zelanda: I love New Zealand, adoro la Nuova Zelanda; We're going to New Zealand, andiamo in Nuova Zelanda; She lives in New Zealand, abita in Nuova Zelanda □ New Zealander, neozelandese: She's married to a New Zealander, ha sposato un neozelandese □ as good as new, come nuovo; quasi nuovo □ ever new, in continuo rinnovamento; sempre nuovo □ to feel like a new man, sentirsi rinato □ (fam., iron.) So what else is new?, bella novità!; sai che novità! □ That's nothing new, non è una novità NOTA D'USO: - new o news?-.

avv. (di solito, nei composti:)

1 di recente; di fresco; da poco tempo: new-made, fatto di recente; new-found, scoperto da poco; new-mown hay, fieno falciato di fresco; a new-coined word, una parola coniata di fresco

2 di nuovo; nuovamente: new-built, costruito di nuovo; ricostruito

● ( di un fiore) new-blown, appena sbocciato □ new-fashioned, alla moda □ a new-fledged bird, un uccellino che ha appena messo le ali □ new-laid eggs, uova appena deposte; uova fresche.

new [nju:]

1. adjective

   a. ( = different, not seen before) nouveau ( nouvelle f) ; (masculine before vowel or silent "h") nouvel ; ( = not old) neuf ( neuve f)

• I've got a new car ( = different) j'ai une nouvelle voiture ; ( = brand-new) j'ai une voiture neuve

• as good as new comme neuf

• the new people at number five les nouveaux arrivants du numéro cinq

• new recruit nouvelle recrue f

• are you new here? vous venez d'arriver ici ? ; (in school, firm) vous êtes nouveau ici ?

• the New Left la nouvelle gauche

• he's a new man since he remarried c'est un autre homme depuis qu'il s'est remarié

• that's nothing new! ça n'est pas nouveau !

• that's a new one on me! (inf) première nouvelle ! (inf)

• what's new? (inf) quoi de neuf ? (inf)

► to be new to sth

• I'm new to this kind of work je n'ai jamais fait ce genre de travail

• he's new to the area il est nouveau dans le quartier

   b. ( = fresh) [bread, cheese] frais ( fraîche f) ; [wine] nouveau ( nouvelle f)

2. compounds

► New Age adjective New Age inv

► New Brunswick noun Nouveau-Brunswick m

► New England noun Nouvelle-Angleterre f

► New Englander noun habitant (e) m(f) de la Nouvelle-Angleterre

► new face noun nouveau visage m

► new-fangled adjective (pejorative) ultramoderne

► new-found adjective de fraîche date

► New Guinea noun Nouvelle-Guinée f

► new-laid egg noun œuf m du jour

► new look noun new-look m

► new-look adjective new-look inv

► New Mexico noun Nouveau-Mexique m

► new moon noun nouvelle lune f

► new-mown adjective [grass] frais coupé ; [hay] frais fauché

► New Orleans noun La Nouvelle-Orléans f

► new potato noun pomme f de terre nouvelle

► the New Testament noun le Nouveau Testament

► new town noun (British) ville f nouvelle

► the New World noun le Nouveau Monde

► New Year noun → New Year

► New York noun New York

• in New York State dans l'État de New York adjective new-yorkais ► New Yorker noun New-Yorkais (e) m(f)

► New Zealand noun Nouvelle-Zélande f adjective

► New Zealander noun Néo-Zélandais (e) m(f)

* * *

adjective (recent, different, not known, seen, owned etc before) nouveau/-elle; ( brand new) neuf/neuve

new, US adj

1 (not known, seen, owned etc before) nouveau/-elle (before n) ; ( brand-new) [car, dress, carpet] neuf/neuve ; the area is new to me la région m'est inconnue ; the work/subject is new to me je ne connais rien au travail/au sujet ; as good as new lit, fig comme neuf ; ‘as new’ ( in advertisement) ‘état neuf’ ; that's nothing new ce n'est pas nouveau ; I feel like a new man je suis transformé ; ‘what's new?’ ‘quoi de neuf?’ ; that's a new one on me on en apprend tous les jours ;

2 ( different) [boyfriend, life, era, approach, design] nouveau/-elle (before n) ; the New Left/Right Pol la Nouvelle Gauche/Droite ; someone/something new quelqu'un/quelque chose d'autre ; could I have a new plate? This one is dirty est-ce que je pourrais avoir une autre assiette? Celle-ci est sale ;

3 ( recently arrived) [recruit, arrival] nouveau/-elle (before n) ; to be new to ne pas être habitué à [job, way of life] ; we're new to the area nous sommes nouveaux venus dans la région ;

4 ( latest) [book, film, model] nouveau/-elle (before n) ; [fashion] dernier/-ière (before n) ;

5 ( harvested early) [vegetable] nouveau/-elle (after n).

- center left

I sostantivi come management sono chiamati collettivi perché indicano un gruppo di persone. In inglese possono essere seguiti dal verbo al singolare o al plurale, a seconda del contesto. In generale, se si pensa al sostantivo in modo impersonale, si sceglie il singolare: The management takes no responsibility for items left unattended, la direzione declina ogni responsabilità per gli oggetti lasciati incustoditi. Se invece si pensa alle singole persone che fanno cose diverse all'interno del gruppo, si sceglie il plurale: Management are looking for new ways to cut costs, la dirigenza sta cercando nuovi modi di tagliare le spese. Si noti che quando il verbo è al singolare, un'eventuale proposizione relativa sarà introdotta da which o that, mentre se il verbo è al plurale, poiché si pensa alle persone, si ricorre a who.

остаться за бортом

   c oднoй cтopoны... c дpугoй (cтopoны)

    I left the UK [United Kingdom] first in 9, for Chicago. I had become on the one hand depressed by the prospect of a big squeeze on university salaries... and on the other impressed by the fact that the Americans were doing the real new work in my field (Punch)

 

поднятие национальных флагов
Компонент церемонии награждения. Флаг делегации победителя поднимается на центральном флагштоке, а флаги делегаций, спортсмены которых заняли второе и третье места, поднимаются на рядом стоящих флагштоках, установленных справа и слева от центрального флагштока на одном уровне по отношению друг к другу и немного ниже центрального флагштока, лицом к арене. Все флаги должны быть одинакового размера, обычно три на пять футов. Ориентация флагов должна быть горизонтальной. К началу каждых Олимпийских игр должны изготавливаться новые национальные флаги, поскольку в период между Играми в некоторые из них могут быть внесены изменения.
[Департамент лингвистических услуг Оргкомитета «Сочи 2014». Глоссарий терминов]

EN

raising of the national flags
Part of the victory ceremony. The flag of the winner’s delegation shall be hoisted up the central flagpole, and those of the second and third-placed competitors up adjoining flagpoles to the right and left of the central flagpole at equal height, slightly lower than the central, champion’s flag, looking towards the arena. All flags should be of uniform size, usually three feet by five feet, with horizontal orientation. New flags should be made for each Games, as changes to nations’ flags are common between Games.
[Департамент лингвистических услуг Оргкомитета «Сочи 2014». Глоссарий терминов]

Тематики

• спорт (церемонии и культурные программы)

EN

• raising of the national flags

   "ocтaвить двepь oткpытoй для чeгo-л.", нe cнимaть чтo-л. c пoвecтки дня; пpeдocтaвить для чeгo-л. пoлную вoзмoжнocть

    The door has been left open for a later conference (New World Review)

, or 68

   the milestone year in French life and politics in the second half of the 20th century, when protests by students and workers almost brought down the French government, and led to sweeping changes in French society. The events of 68 were inspired and led by the young generation of the time, wishing to break out of the rather stuffy and conventional society of the time. They coincided with, though initially took a different form to, the 'youth revolution' in Britain and the USA; but while the UK's youth revolution was essentially social and cultural, and led by pop music and op art, France's revolution was political and cultural, a protest against the weight of the Gaullist state.

   The events of May 68 started on the drab concrete campus of the sprawling university of Nanterre in the northern suburbs of Paris, and quickly spread to other universities, notably the Sorbonne. Student leaders, among them DanielCohn- Bendit and Alain Krivine, called for radical change and the end of the 'bourgeois state'; students erected barricades in the Latin Quarter, and were soon joined by workers, notably from the huge Renault plant at Boulogne Billancourt in the Paris suburbs. Though political, the movement sidelined all existing political parties, including the Communists, considered by the new left-wing as being an 'obsolete' political force.

   Faced with turmoil on the streets and a partial collapse of French society, President de Gaulle fled to Germany on 29th May, before returning and promising new elections. But by the time the elections took place, theGrenelle agreements had been negotiated with the trade unions, the heat had died down, and many French people had become seriously alarmed by the turn of events. In the June elections, the Gaullist majority was returned to power with an increased majority.

   The events nevertheless marked the beginning of the end for de Gaulle. In 1969 he organised a referendum on decentralisation, promising to step down if the referendum failed. To a certain extent, de Gaulle's vision of decentralisation was not that wanted by the voters; but in addition, the referendum became seen as a plebiscite on the Gaullist system, rather than on decentralisation. The referendum proposal was rejected by 52.4% of voters, and de Gaulle stepped down.

   It is certain that a new France, less hide-bound, more emancipated and more free, emerged in the aftermath of 68. Whether this would have happened anyway, and whether the means justified the end, are questions about which there is still considerable debate in France to this day.

   The Catholic Church and the Catholic religion together represent the oldest and most enduring of all Portuguese institutions. Because its origins as an institution go back at least to the middle of the third century, if not earlier, the Christian and later the Catholic Church is much older than any other Portuguese institution or major cultural influence, including the monarchy (lasting 770 years) or Islam (540 years). Indeed, it is older than Portugal (869 years) itself. The Church, despite its changing doctrine and form, dates to the period when Roman Lusitania was Christianized.

   In its earlier period, the Church played an important role in the creation of an independent Portuguese monarchy, as well as in the colonization and settlement of various regions of the shifting Christian-Muslim frontier as it moved south. Until the rise of absolutist monarchy and central government, the Church dominated all public and private life and provided the only education available, along with the only hospitals and charity institutions. During the Middle Ages and the early stage of the overseas empire, the Church accumulated a great deal of wealth. One historian suggests that, by 1700, one-third of the land in Portugal was owned by the Church. Besides land, Catholic institutions possessed a large number of chapels, churches and cathedrals, capital, and other property.

   Extensive periods of Portuguese history witnessed either conflict or cooperation between the Church as the monarchy increasingly sought to gain direct control of the realm. The monarchy challenged the great power and wealth of the Church, especially after the acquisition of the first overseas empire (1415-1580). When King João III requested the pope to allow Portugal to establish the Inquisition (Holy Office) in the country and the request was finally granted in 1531, royal power, more than religion was the chief concern. The Inquisition acted as a judicial arm of the Catholic Church in order to root out heresies, primarily Judaism and Islam, and later Protestantism. But the Inquisition became an instrument used by the crown to strengthen its power and jurisdiction.

   The Church's power and prestige in governance came under direct attack for the first time under the Marquis of Pombal (1750-77) when, as the king's prime minister, he placed regalism above the Church's interests. In 1759, the Jesuits were expelled from Portugal, although they were allowed to return after Pombal left office. Pombal also harnessed the Inquisition and put in place other anticlerical measures. With the rise of liberalism and the efforts to secularize Portugal after 1820, considerable Church-state conflict occurred. The new liberal state weakened the power and position of the Church in various ways: in 1834, all religious orders were suppressed and their property confiscated both in Portugal and in the empire and, in the 1830s and 1840s, agrarian reform programs confiscated and sold large portions of Church lands. By the 1850s, Church-state relations had improved, various religious orders were allowed to return, and the Church's influence was largely restored. By the late 19th century, Church and state were closely allied again. Church roles in all levels of education were pervasive, and there was a popular Catholic revival under way.

   With the rise of republicanism and the early years of the First Republic, especially from 1910 to 1917, Church-state relations reached a new low. A major tenet of republicanism was anticlericalism and the belief that the Church was as much to blame as the monarchy for the backwardness of Portuguese society. The provisional republican government's 1911 Law of Separation decreed the secularization of public life on a scale unknown in Portugal. Among the new measures that Catholics and the Church opposed were legalization of divorce, appropriation of all Church property by the state, abolition of religious oaths for various posts, suppression of the theology school at Coimbra University, abolition of saints' days as public holidays, abolition of nunneries and expulsion of the Jesuits, closing of seminaries, secularization of all public education, and banning of religious courses in schools.

   After considerable civil strife over the religious question under the republic, President Sidónio Pais restored normal relations with the Holy See and made concessions to the Portuguese Church. Encouraged by the apparitions at Fátima between May and October 1917, which caused a great sensation among the rural people, a strong Catholic reaction to anticlericalism ensued. Backed by various new Catholic organizations such as the "Catholic Youth" and the Academic Center of Christian Democracy (CADC), the Catholic revival influenced government and politics under the Estado Novo. Prime Minister Antônio de Oliveira Salazar was not only a devout Catholic and member of the CADC, but his formative years included nine years in the Viseu Catholic Seminary preparing to be a priest. Under the Estado Novo, Church-state relations greatly improved, and Catholic interests were protected. On the other hand, Salazar's no-risk statism never went so far as to restore to the Church all that had been lost in the 1911 Law of Separation. Most Church property was never returned from state ownership and, while the Church played an important role in public education to 1974, it never recovered the influence in education it had enjoyed before 1911.

   Today, the majority of Portuguese proclaim themselves Catholic, and the enduring nature of the Church as an institution seems apparent everywhere in the country. But there is no longer a monolithic Catholic faith; there is growing diversity of religious choice in the population, which includes an increasing number of Protestant Portuguese as well as a small but growing number of Muslims from the former Portuguese empire. The Muslim community of greater Lisbon erected a Mosque which, ironically, is located near the Spanish Embassy. In the 1990s, Portugal's Catholic Church as an institution appeared to be experiencing a revival of influence. While Church attendance remained low, several Church institutions retained an importance in society that went beyond the walls of the thousands of churches: a popular, flourishing Catholic University; Radio Re-nascenca, the country's most listened to radio station; and a new private television channel owned by the Church. At an international conference in Lisbon in September 2000, the Cardinal Patriarch of Portugal, Dom José Policarpo, formally apologized to the Jewish community of Portugal for the actions of the Inquisition. At the deliberately selected location, the place where that religious institution once held its hearings and trials, Dom Policarpo read a declaration of Catholic guilt and repentance and symbolically embraced three rabbis, apologizing for acts of violence, pressures to convert, suspicions, and denunciation.

= the, ye.

Nota: Forma arcaica.

Ex. The first institute, 'The Catalog: Its Nature and Prospects,' was held in New York City on October 9 and 10, 1975.

Ex. The article 'Ye olde smart card' presents an annotated list of information sources on the credit card industry.

----

* a lo extremo = to the extreme.

* aunque no lo creas = believe it or not.

* barrio de los ricos = upper town.

* de los mejores = as good as any.

* el abuelo de = the granddaddy of.

* el acabose = the last straw.

* el alcance = comprehensiveness.

* el amor de + Posesivo + vida = the love of + Posesivo + life.

* el año próximo = the year ahead.

* el arte de = the art of, the fine art of.

* el ataque es la mejor defensa = attack is the best form of defence.

* el auténtico = the real McCoy.

* el beneficio de la duda = the benefit of the doubt.

* el bien de = the good of.

* el buenazo de + Nombre = good old + Nombre.

* el bueno de + Nombre = good old + Nombre.

* el camino a seguir = the way ahead, the way to go.

* el camino correcto = the way ahead, the way to go.

* el camino hacia + Nombre + está lleno de + Nombre = the road (to/towards) + Nombre + is paved with + Nombre.

* el camino hacia + Nombre + está plagado de + Nombre = the road (to/towards) + Nombre + is paved with + Nombre.

* el camino por recorrer = the way ahead.

* el camino que lleva a = a/the doorway to.

* el camino recorrido = the road travelled so far.

* el camino se hace andando = actions speak louder than words.

* el centro de atención + ser = all eyes + be + on.

* el charco = the big pond.

* el ciudadano de a pie = the average Joe.

* el ciudadano medio = the average Joe.

* el cliente siempre tiene la razón = the customer is always right.

* el colmo = the last straw.

* el consejo de otra persona = a second opinion.

* el copón = the dog's bollocks, the bee's knees, the cat's meow, the cat's pyjamas, the cat's whiskers.

* el corazón de = the heart of.

* el crecimiento de = the rising tide of.

* el cual = which.

* el de = that in, that of.

* el diablo está en los detalles = the devil (is/lives) in the details.

* el día del Juicio Final = the Day of Judgement.

* El Diluvio = the Flood.

* el dinero es el origen de todos los males = money is the root of all evil.

* el dinero es la fuente de todos los males = money is the root of all evil.

* el dinero mueve al mundo = money makes the world go (a)round.

* el dinero no crece en los árboles = money doesn't grow on trees.

* el doble = twice + as many.

* el doble de = twice + the number of.

* El Dorado = El Dorado.

* el enemigo en casa = the enemy within.

* el entonces + Nombre = the then + Nombre.

* el espíritu de la época = the spirit of the times.

* el estado de las cosas = the lay of the land [the lie of the land, -UK].

* el evitar = avoidance.

* el éxito genera éxito = success breeds success (SBS).

* el éxito llama al éxito = success breeds success (SBS).

* el final de = the close of.

* el final de los problemas = the light at the end of the tunnel.

* el fin del mundo = the ends of the earth.

* el fin de semana = over the weekend, at the weekend.

* el fin de todos los fines = the end of all ends.

* el fin justifica los medios = the end justifies the means.

* el fruto de + Nombre = the fruit of + Nombre.

* el futuro = the way ahead, the way of the future.

* el futuro + estar + justo a la vuelta de la esquina = the future + be + just around the corner.

* el Gato con Botas = Puss in Boots.

* el grado de = the extent of.

* el grado de + Nombre = the breadth and depth of + Nombre.

* el grado en que = the extent to which.

* el gran hermano = big brother.

* el guapo de + Nombre = good old + Nombre.

* el hecho es que = fact is, the fact is (that).

* el hecho es que... = the fact of the matter is that....

* el hombre de la calle = the average Joe.

* el hombre no es una isla = no man is an island.

* el hombre propone y Dios dispone = Man proposes, God disposes.

* el impulsor de = the power behind.

* el interés público = the public interest.

* El Juicio Final = The Last Judgement.

* el lastre de = the shackles of.

* el llevar = carrying.

* el lugar que le corresponde a = the due place of.

* El Mago de Oz = The Wizard of Oz, The Wizard of Oz.

* el más = all-time.

* el más + Adjetivo = the most + Adjetivo.

* el más allá = hereafter.

* el más bajo = rock-bottom.

* el más favorito del mes = pick of the month.

* el más leído = the most widely read.

* el más recomendado = best of breed, the.

* el Mediterráneo = Mediterranean Sea, the, the Med.

* el mejor = best of breed, the.

* el mejor de todos = the cream of the crop, crème de la crème.

* el mejor hasta ahora = the best yet.

* el mejor modo de = the best way of.

* el mejor momento de todos = the time of all times.

* el mejor + Nombre = the best available + Nombre.

* el mejor que ha hecho hasta ahora = Posesivo + best yet.

* el mentir = lying.

* el mes pasado = last month.

* el mío = mine.

* el mismo + Nombre (+ que) = every bit as much + Nombre (+ as).

* el mismo número = as many.

* el modo como = the way in which.

* el modo de = the way in which.

* el modo de + Infinitivo = the way to go about + Gerundio.

* el momento preciso = the point in time at which.

* el motor de = the power behind.

* el movimiento se demuestra andando = actions speak louder than words.

* el muerto al hoyo y el vivo al bollo = dead men have no friends.

* el mundo de las noticias = newsmaking.

* el mundo en la palma de la mano = the world in the palm of + Posesivo + hand.

* el mundo está a sus pies = the world is + Posesivo + oyster.

* el mundo es un pañuelo = it's a small world.

* el + Nombre + correcto al + Nombre + adecuado en el momento oportuno = the right + Nombre + to the right + Nombre + at the right time.

* el + Nombre + es inestimable = the + Nombre + cannot be overestimated.

* el + Nombre + más completo = the + Nombre + to end all + Nombre.

* el no va más = the be all and end all, the bee's knees, the cat's pyjamas, the cat's meow, the cat's whiskers, the dog's bollocks.

* el nuevo aspecto de = the changing face of, the changing nature of.

* el orgullo de = showpiece.

* el otro lado de la barrera = the other side of the fence.

* el padre de = the father of.

* el pan nuestro de cada día = all in a day's work.

* el paso del tiempo = the passage of time, the sands of time.

* el peor de todos = the worst of the lot.

* el perro es el mejor amigo del hombre = a dog is man's best friend.

* el peso de = brunt of, the.

* el populacho = the great unwashed.

* el porqué de = the reason behind, the thinking behind, the reasoning behind, the idea behind.

* el portavoz de = the voice of.

* el presente = thisness.

* el primer intento = the first time around.

* el primer + Nombre = the earliest + Nombre.

* el primero mencionado = former.

* el principal = the number one.

* el principio de = the dawn of.

* el principio del fin = the beginning of the end.

* el principio de + Mes/Estación = early + Mes/Estación.

* el problema no es el qué, sino el cómo = the devil (is/lives) in the details.

* el problema obvio = the elephant in the room.

* el proletariado = the great unwashed.

* el pulmón de = the heart of.

* el punto más bajo = rock-bottom.

* el que = that, the one.

* el que aprende = learner.

* el que las hace, las paga = you've made your bed, now you must lie in it!.

* el que lo encuentre se lo queda = finders keepers.

* el que mantiene a la familia = breadwinner [bread winner].

* el que mucho abarca poco aprieta = jack of all trades, master of none.

* el que no llora, no mama = the squeaky (squeaking) wheel gets the grease (the oil/oiled).

* el que no se aventura no cruza el mar = nothing ventured, nothing gained.

* el que pregunta = inquirer [enquirer, -UK].

* el quid de la cuestión = the crux of the problem, the crux of the matter.

* el registro de los registros = record-of-record.

* el registro modelo = record-of-record.

* el resto = rest, the.

* el resto (de) = the remainder (of), the rest (of).

* El Salvador = El Salvador.

* el segundo mencionado = latter.

* el sendero que lleva a = a/the doorway to.

* el ser barato = cheapness.

* el siguiente no, el otro = next but one.

* el sitio adecuado en el momento adecuado = the right place at the right time.

* el sueño de toda persona = the stuff dreams are made of.

* el sueño de todos = the stuff dreams are made of.

* el sueño de todo ser viviente = the stuff dreams are made of.

* el súmmum = the bee's knees, the cat's pyjamas, the cat's meow, the cat's whiskers, the dog's bollocks.

* el tamaño de = the extent of.

* el tema de la discusión = the focus of the discussion.

* el tema del debate = the focus of the discussion.

* el tiempo de Algo = in season.

* el tiempo es oro = time is money.

* el tiempo lo dirá = only time will tell.

* el tiempo vuela = time flies (by).

* el tipo de = the range of.

* el todo es más grande que la suma de sus partes = the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.

* el total de = the total sum of, the sum total of.

* el transcurrir del tiempo = the sands of time.

* el transcurso del tiempo = as time goes by.

* el último citado = latter.

* el último grito = the last word, the cat's meow, the bee's knees, the cat's pyjamas, the cat's whiskers, the dog's bollocks.

* el último + Nombre = the latest + Nombre.

* el último pero no el menos importante = the last but by no means least.

* el único = the one and only.

* el único e incomparable = the one and only.

* el único e inimitable = the one and only.

* el único problema = a fly in the soup, the fly in the ointment.

* el verdadero = the real McCoy.

* el verdadero problema = the elephant in the room.

* el ver televisión = television viewing.

* el viejo = the elder.

* el vulgo = the great unwashed.

* el yugo de = the shackles of.

* espicharlas = kick + the bucket.

* la = the, ye.

* la alternativa + ser = the alternative + be.

* la belleza es superficial = beauty is only skin deep.

* La Biblioteca Responde = Ask the Library.

* la Biblioteca y el Archivo de Canadá = Library and Archives Canada.

* la buena noticia = the good news.

* la calidad es nuestro lema = quality is our middle name.

* la calma que precede a la tormenta = the lull before the storm.

* la cambiante fisonomía de = the changing face of, the changing nature of.

* la caridad empieza por uno mismo = charity begins at home.

* la ciudadana de a pie = the average Jane.

* la ciudadana media = the average Jane.

* la ciudad que nunca duerme = the city that never sleeps.

* la clave de = at the heart of.

* la clave está en la letra pequeña = the devil (is/lives) in the details.

* la comunidad en general = the community at large.

* la Convención de la Haya de 1954 = the 1954 Hague Convention.

* la copa del árbol = the top of the tree.

* la cosa es que = the thing is.

* la cosa principal = the number one thing.

* la crème de la crème = the cream of the crop, crème de la crème.

* la cruz de = the bane of.

* la cuestión es que = the thing is.

* la década de los + Número = the + Número + s.

* la demanda de = a call for.

* la diversidad de = the range of.

* la diversidad de + Nombre = the many + Nombre.

* la edad se lleva en el alma = you are as old as you feel.

* la época de Algo = in season.

* la escoria de la sociedad = the gutter.

* la espalda de = the back of.

* la evidencia = the writing on the wall.

* la fe mueve montañas = faith will move mountains.

* la filosofía de = the reason behind, the reasoning behind.

* la flor de + Nombre = the prime of + Nombre.

* la flor y nata = the cream of the crop, crème de la crème.

* la forma correcta de hacer las cosas = the way to go.

* la forma de = ways and means (of/for/to/in/by).

* la forma de + Infinitivo = the way to go about + Gerundio.

* la forma de ver las cosas = the way + to see things.

* la fuerza de la mayoría = strength in numbers.

* la gente decía que = rumour had it that.

* la gente dice que = rumour has it that.

* la gente se está inquietando = the natives are nervous.

* la gente se está poniendo nerviosa = the natives are nervous.

* la gente se puso de pie para aplaudir = standing ovation.

* la gota que colmó el vaso = the straw that broke the camel's back.

* la Gran Manzana = the Big Apple.

* la gran mayoría de = the vast majority of, the bulk of.

* la historia + repetirse = history + come full circle.

* la historia + volverse a repetir = history + come full circle.

* la hostia = the cat's pyjamas, the cat's pyjamas, the bee's knees, the cat's meow, the cat's whiskers, the dog's bollocks.

* la hoz y el martillo = the hammer and sickle.

* la idea que hay detrás de = the idea behind.

* la imaginación no tiene límites = your imagination is the limit.

* la imitación es la mejor forma de que lo halaguen a uno = imitation is the sincerest form of flattery.

* La Isla del Tesoro = Treasure Island.

* la joya de = showpiece.

* la judicatura = the Bench.

* la justicia = the Bench.

* la juventud no es cuestión de edad sino de espíritu = you are as old as you feel.

* la leche = the dog's bollocks, the bee's knees, the cat's meow, the cat's pyjamas, the cat's whiskers.

* la luz al final del túnel = the light at the end of the tunnel.

* la magistratura = the Bench.

* la manera de + Infinitivo = the way to go about + Gerundio.

* la mano que mece la cuna es la mano que domina el mundo = the hand that rocks the cradle rules the world.

* la mano que mece la cuna gobierna el mundo = the hand that rocks the cradle rules the world.

* la mar de = a whole slew of.

* la mayoría con mucho de = the vast majority of.

* la mayoría de = the majority of, most + Nombre, the main bulk of.

* la mayoría de la gente = most people, the majority of the people.

* la mayoría de las personas = most people, the majority of the people.

* la mayoría de las veces = most of the time, more often than not.

* la mayoría del mundo = the majority of the world, most people, the majority of the people.

* la mayoría del tiempo = most of the time.

* la mayor parte de = the majority of, the main bulk of, the lion's share of.

* la mayor parte de las veces = more often than not.

* la medida en que = the extent to which.

* la mejor forma de hacer Algo = best practices, lessons learned [lessons learnt].

* la mejor manera = how best.

* la mejor manera de = the best way of.

* la mejor oferta = the best deal.

* la mejor opción = the best bet.

* la mejor salida = the best way forward.

* la mejor solución = the best way forward.

* la menor duda de que = no doubt whatsoever.

* la mentira = lying.

* la mirada en = eye(s) on.

* la misma persona = one and the same person.

* la mitad (1/2) = one-half (1/2).

* la necesidad agudiza el ingenio = necessity mothers invention.

* la ocasión la pintan calva = make + hay while the sun shines.

* la opinión de otra persona = a second opinion.

* la oportunidad de + Posesivo + vida = the opportunity of a lifetime.

* la parte de atrás de = the back of.

* la parte más dura de = brunt of, the.

* la parte más importante = the heart of.

* la parte principal de = the bulk of.

* la parte superior izquierda de = the upper left of.

* la parte trasera de = the back of.

* la personificación de la confianza en uno mismo = confidence personified.

* la pesadilla de = the bane of.

* la pesca del día = the day's catch, the catch of the day.

* la petición de = a call for.

* la píldora = the pill.

* la plebe = the great unwashed.

* la polla = the dog's bollocks, the bee's knees, the cat's meow, the cat's pyjamas, the cat's whiskers.

* la práctica hace al maestro = practice makes perfect.

* la primera tentativa = the first time around.

* la primera vez = the first time around.

* la proporción mayor de = the lion's share of.

* la próxima moda = the next hot thing.

* la puntilla = the final/last nail in + Posesivo + coffin.

* la que = that, the one.

* la razón de ser = the reason for being.

* la realidad es que = the fact remains that..., fact is, the fact is (that).

* la rehostia = the dog's bollocks, the bee's knees, the cat's meow, the cat's pyjamas, the cat's whiskers.

* la responsabilidad ahora recae en + Nombre = the ball is in + Posesivo + court.

* la responsabilidad es de... = the buck + stops....

* la riqueza de = the wealth of.

* la ruina de = the bane of.

* las = the, ye.

* las 24 horas = round the clock, around the clock.

* las apariencias engañan = don't judge a book by its cover, there's more to it than meets the eye.

* las ataduras de = the shackles of.

* las autoridades = the powers-that-be.

* las cosas + cambiar = pendulum + swing.

* las cosas + estar + claras = the (hand)writing + be + on the wall, see it + coming.

* las cosas no pasan así como así = everything happens for a reason (and a purpose).

* las cosas no pasan (así) porque sí = everything happens for a reason (and a purpose).

* las cosas no son tan simples como parecen = there's more to it than meets the eye.

* las cosas + seguir + igual = business + revolve + as usual.

* las cosas siguen igual = business as usual.

* las cosas sólo pasan una vez = lightning never strikes twice.

* las cosas son más complicadas de lo que parecen = there's more to it than meets the eye.

* las cosas tal y como son = the birds and the bees.

* las cosas + volver + a su punto de partida = the wheel + turn + full circle.

* las de = those for.

* las doce del mediodía = noon.

* la segunda mitad de + Fecha = the latter part of + Fecha.

* la segunda opción = the next best choice.

* la segunda vez = the second time around.

* la semana pasada = last week.

* la senda que lleva a = a/the doorway to.

* la situación = the course of events.

* la sociedad en general = society at large.

* las posibilidades son infinitas = the possibilities are endless.

* las profundidades del mar = the deep.

* las profundidades del océano = the deep.

* las pruebas = the writing on the wall.

* las raíces se encuentran = roots + lie.

* las raíces se remontan a = roots + lie.

* las razones de = the reason behind, the thinking behind, the reasoning behind, the idea behind.

* las Reglas de Cutter para un Catálogo Diccionario = Cutter's Rules for a Dictionary Catalog.

* las triquiñuelas de la letra pequeña = the devil (is/lives) in the details.

* la suerte + cambiar = the tide + turn.

* la suerte estaba echada = the die was cast, the die had been cast.

* la suerte está echada = the die is cast.

* la suma total de = the total sum of, the sum total of.

* las uvas están verdes = sour grapes.

* las veinticuatro horas = day and night, day or night, night and day.

* la temporada de Algo = in season.

* la tierra de la abundancia = the land of plenty.

* la tierra de las oportunidades = the land of opportunity.

* la tira de = a whole slew of.

* la tira de tiempo = donkey's years.

* la triste realidad es que = the sad fact is (that).

* la última palabra = the last word, the last word, the bee's knees, the cat's pyjamas, the cat's meow, the cat's whiskers, the dog's bollocks.

* la última vez = last time.

* la última vez que = the last time.

* la única pega = the fly in the ointment, a fly in the soup.

* la unión hace la fuerza = strength in numbers.

* la ventaja de = the beauty of.

* la ventaja es que = on the positive side, the advantage is that, on the bright side.

* la verdad = the lowdown (on).

* la verdad es que = if the truth be known, if the truth be told, the fact is (that), fact is.

* la verdad es que... = the fact of the matter is that....

* la verdad sea dicha = to tell the truth.

* la verdad sea dicha que = if the truth be told.

* la Vía Láctea = the Milky Way.

* la vida continúa = the show must go on.

* la vida + continuar = life + go on.

* la vida es así = life's like that.

* ¡la vida no es un camino de rosas! = the course of true love never did run smooth!.

* la vida + seguir = life + go on.

* la víspera de = on the eve of.

* la voz de = the voice of.

* la voz de la conciencia = the voice within.

* la voz de la experiencia = the voice of experience.

* la voz de la razón = the voice of reason.

* la voz del odio = the voice of hate.

* la voz interior = the voice within.

* lo absurdo = ridiculousness.

* lo adecuado = adequacy.

* lo + Adjetivo + que sea/esté = how + Adjetivo.

* lo anodino = blandness.

* lo anteriormente expuesto = the preceding.

* lo apropiado = appropriateness.

* lo barato = inexpensiveness.

* lo básico = essential, the, nuts and bolts, bare minimum, bare necessities, the, the lowdown (on).

* lo bastante elevado = high enough.

* lo bastante extenso = adequately scoped.

* lo bueno de = the beauty of.

* lo bueno es que = the good news is (that)..., on the positive side, on the bright side.

* lo bueno viene en frascos pequeños = small is beautiful.

* lo bueno y lo malo = the rights and wrongs.

* lo caro = expensiveness.

* lo chicano = Chicana.

* lo chulo = coolness.

* lo cierto es que = fact is, the fact is (that).

* lo completo = completeness.

* lo completo que Algo está = fullness.

* lo creas o no = believe it or not.

* lo decisivo = the last word.

* lo definitivo = the last word.

* lo desagradable = unpleasantness.

* ¿lo dices en broma? = you must be joking!, you must be kidding!.

* lo directo = directness.

* lo divertido = the fun part.

* lo engorroso de = cumbersomeness.

* lo esencial = essential, the, nuts and bolts, bare minimum, bare necessities, the, the lowdown (on).

* lo estrafalario = zaniness.

* lo estrambótico = zaniness.

* lo extenso = comprehensiveness.

* lo favorable = propitiousness.

* lo hebraico = Hebraica.

* lo hecho hecho está = no use crying over spilt/spilled milk.

* lo importante es lo que eres no cómo te llamas = a rose by any other name.

* lo imprescindible = bare necessities, the, bare minimum.

* lo incómodo de = cumbersomeness.

* lo indefinido = indefiniteness.

* lo indirecto = indirectness.

* lo indispensable = bare necessities, the, bare minimum.

* lo insulso = blandness.

* lo interesante = the fun part.

* lo judío = Judaica.

* lo lindo = cuteness.

* lo llano = flatness.

* lo más cercano a = the nearest thing to.

* lo más conveniente es que = optimally.

* lo más destacado = highlights.

* lo más detestado = pet hate.

* lo más importante = most of all, at its core.

* lo más interesante = highlights.

* lo más mínimo = so much as.

* lo más novedoso = the last word.

* lo más odiado = pet hate.

* lo más parecido a = the nearest thing to.

* lo más probable es que = most probably.

* lo más recio de = brunt of, the.

* lo más recóndito = nooks and crannies.

* lo máximo = the be all and end all, the bee's knees, the cat's pyjamas, the cat's meow, the cat's whiskers, the dog's bollocks.

* lo mejor = the top of the tree.

* lo mejor de = the beauty of, showpiece.

* lo mejor de ambas partes = the best of both worlds.

* lo mejor de lo mejor = the best of the best.

* lo mejor de todo = best of all.

* lo mejor entre lo mejor = the best of the best.

* lo mejor es que... = the good news is (that)....

* lo mejor está aún por llegar = the best is yet to come.

* lo mejor posible = to the best of + Posesivo + ability, at + Posesivo + (very) best, optimally.

* lo mejor que pueda = to the best of + Posesivo + ability.

* lo mejor que se puede hacer = the best bet.

* lo mejor + ser = the beautiful part + be.

* lo menos posible = as little as possible.

* lo mínimo = bare minimum, bare necessities, the.

* lo mismo ocurre con = the same goes for.

* lo mismo ocurre en el caso de = the same is true (for/of/with).

* lo mismo que = the same as, along the lines of, in much the same way as.

* lo mismo que antes = the same as before.

* lo mismo que para = the same as that for.

* lo mismo se aplica a = the same is true (for/of/with).

* lo molesto de = cumbersomeness.

* lo mucho que = how extensively.

* lo noble = high-mindedness.

* lo no convencional = unconventional, the.

* lo normal + ser + que = there + be + a tendency (to/for), there + be + a tendency (to/for).

* lo oportuno = timeliness.

* lo pasado pasado está = let bygones be bygones.

* lo peor de = brunt of, the.

* lo peor del = the armpit of the.

* lo pintoresco = quaintness.

* lo plano = flatness.

* lo poco común = rarity, rareness.

* lo poco convencional = unconventional, the.

* lo primero = for one, first off.

* lo primero de todo = first of all, first off.

* lo prometido es deuda = a promise is a promise.

* lo propicio = propitiousness.

* lo público = publicness.

* lo que = that which, what.

* lo que aguarda a = what is on store for.

* lo que Algo o Alguien se merece, lo que le corresponde, bastante = fair share, fair share.

* lo que a uno cura a otro mata = one man's meat is another man's poison.

* lo que demuestra que = which (just) goes to show that.

* lo que el futuro depara a = what is on store for.

* lo que es aun más inquietante = more disturbingly.

* lo que es aun más preocupante = more disturbingly.

* lo que es aun mejor = better still.

* lo que es aun peor = worse still.

* lo que es bueno para uno es bueno para otro = what's sauce for the goose is sauce for the gander.

* lo que es bueno para uno también es bueno para otro = what's good for the goose is good for the gander.

* lo que es más = what is more, what's more.

* lo que es más importante = most importantly, more importantly, most of all, most important.

* lo que es mejor aun = better still.

* lo que es muy importante = importantly.

* lo que es peor = what's worse.

* lo que es peor aun = worse still.

* lo que espera a = what is on store for.

* lo que está bien y lo que está mal = rights and wrongs.

* lo que existe (en el mercado) = what's out there.

* lo que haya que de ser, será = que sera sera, what's meant to be, will be, whatever will be, will be.

* lo que hay (en el mercado) = what's out there.

* lo que hay que hacer = do + the right thing, the way to go.

* lo que hay que hacer y lo que hay que evitar = do's and don'ts, rights and wrongs.

* lo que le corresponde = fair share.

* lo que nos espera = things to come.

* lo que quiera que = whatever.

* lo que sea = something or other.

* lo que se gana por un lado se pierde por otro = swings and roundabouts.

* lo que se pierda en una cosa se gana en la otra = what you lose on the swings you gain on the roundabouts.

* lo que + ser = what + be like.

* lo que se suele pagar = going rate, the.

* lo que tenga que pasar, que pase = que sera sera, what's meant to be, will be, whatever will be, will be.

* lo que tenga que ser, será = que sera sera, whatever will be, will be, what's meant to be, will be.

* lo que vale para tí también vale para mí = what's good for the goose is good for the gander, what's sauce for the goose is sauce for the gander.

* lo rural = rurality.

* los = the, ye.

* los 365 días del año = year-round.

* los 40 principales = Top 40 singles chart.

* los abajo firmantes = the parties hereto.

* los acontecimientos = the course of events.

* lo sagrado = sacredness.

* los albores de = the dawn of.

* los años cincuenta = fifties.

* los años treinta = thirties.

* los árboles no dejan ver el bosque = lose + sight of the forest for the trees.

* los avatares de la guerra = the tides of war.

* los buenos tiempos = the good old days.

* los comienzos de = the dawn of.

* los constantes cambios de = the changing face of, the changing nature of.

* los de = those for, those in.

* los demás = rest, the, everybody else.

* los detalles de la letra pequeña = the devil (is/lives) in the details.

* los días antes de = leading up to.

* los dos = both, both of them, both of which.

* los efectos negativos se están dejando sentir ahora = chickens come home to roost.

* los gobernantes = the powers-that-be.

* los hay para dar y regalar = there's one born every minute.

* los mandamás = the powers-that-be.

* los más necesitados = those most in need.

* los más pobres + Nombre = the poorest + Nombre.

* los menos locuaces = inarticulate, the.

* los motivos de = the reason behind, the thinking behind, the reasoning behind, the idea behind.

* los necesitados = the needy.

* los orígenes de = the dawn of.

* los otros con los que aparece(n) = neighbours [neighbors, -USA].

* los peores + Nombre = the poorest + Nombre.

* los poderes fáticos = the powers-that-be.

* los pormenores de la letra pequeña = the devil (is/lives) in the details.

* Los Principios de París = Paris Principles.

* los que = those who.

* los que detentan el poder = the powers-that-be.

* los que mandan = the powers-that-be.

* los que no han recibido formación específica = uninstructed, the.

* los que + Verbo = those + Participio.

* los tribunales = the Bench.

* lo suficientemente cerca = within range.

* lo suficientemente cerca como para oír = within earshot of.

* lo suficientemente estúpido como para = dumb enough to.

* lo suficientemente grande = large enough, big enough.

* lo suficientemente lejos como para no poder oír = out of earshot.

* los últimos coletazos = fag-end.

* lo sumo = the bee's knees, the cat's meow, the cat's whiskers, the dog's bollocks, the cat's pyjamas.

* los unos a costa de los otros = at each other's expense.

* los viejos tiempos = the good old days.

* lo tomas o lo dejas = take it or leave it.

* lo último = the last word.

* lo uno es tan malo como lo otro = one is as bad as the other.

* lo vanguardista = cutting edge.

* lo yidish = Yiddica.

* parmarlas = kick + the bucket.

* ser lo que nos espera = be the shape of things to come.

   The purpose of the media during the Estado Novo (1926-74) was to communicate official government policy. Therefore, the government strictly censored newspapers, magazines, and books. Radio and television broadcasting was in the hands of two state-owned companies: Radiodifusão Portuguesa (RDP) and Radiotelevisão Portuguesa (RTP). The first TV broadcasts aired in March 1957, and the official state visit of Queen Elizabeth II of Great Britain to Portugal was featured. The only independent broadcasting company during the Estado Novo was the Catholic Church's Radio Renascença. Writers and journalists who violated the regime's guidelines were severely sanctioned. Under Prime Minister Marcello Caetano, censorship was relaxed somewhat, and writers were allowed to publish critical and controversial works without fear of punishment. Caetano attempted to "speak to the people" through television. Daily program content consisted of little more than government-controlled (and censored) news programs and dull documentaries.

   After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, censorship was abolished. As the revolution veered leftward, some sectors of the media were seized by opponents of the views they expressed. The most famous case was the seizure of Radio Renascença by those who sought to bring it into line with the drift leftward. State ownership of the media was increased after 25 April 1974, when banks were nationalized because most banks owned at least one newspaper. As the Revolution moderated and as banking was privatized during the 1980s and 1990s, newspapers were also privatized.

   The history of two major Lisbon dailies illustrates recent cycles of Portuguese politics and pressures. O Século, a major Lisbon daily paper was founded in 1881 and was influenced by Republican, even Masonic ideas. When the first Republic began in 1910, the editorials of O Século defended the new system, but the economic and social turmoil disillusioned the paper's directors. In 1924, O Século, under publisher João Pereira da Rosa, called for political reform and opposed the Democratic Party, which monopolized elections and power in the Republic. This paper was one of the two most important daily papers, and it backed the military coup of 28 May 1926 and the emergent military dictatorship. Over the history of the Estado Novo, this paper remained somewhat to the left of the other major daily paper in Lisbon, Diário de Notícias, but in 1972 the paper suffered a severe financial crisis and was bought by a Lisbon banker. During the more chaotic times after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, O Século experienced its own time of turmoil, in which there was a split between workers and editors, firings, resignations, and financial trouble. After a series of financial problems and controversy over procommunist staff, the paper was suspended and then ceased publication in February 1977. In the 1990s, there was a brief but unsuccessful attempt to revive O Século.

   Today, the daily paper with the largest circulation is Diário de Notícias of Lisbon, which was established in 1883. It became the major daily paper of record, but after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, like O Século, the paper suffered difficulties, both political and financial. One of its editors in the "hot" summer of 1975 was José Saramago, future Nobel Prize winner in literature, and there was an internal battle in the editorial rooms between factions. The paper was, like O Século, nationalized in 1976, but in 1991, Diário de Notícias was reprivatized and today it continues to be the daily paper of record, leading daily circulation.

   Currently, about 20 daily newspapers are published in Portugal, in Lisbon, the capital, as well as in the principal cities of Oporto, Coimbra, and Évora. The major Lisbon newspapers are Diário de Notícias (daily and newspaper of record), Publico (daily), Correia da Manha (daily), Jornal de Noticias (daily), Expresso (weekly), The Portugal News (English language weekly), The Resident (English language weekly), and Get Real Weekly (English language).

   These papers range from the excellent, such as Público and the Diário de Notícias, to the sensationalistic, such as Correio da Manhã. Portugal's premier weekly newspaper is Expresso, founded by Francisco Balsemão during the last years of Marcello Caetano's governance, whose modern format, spirit, and muted criticism of the regime helped prepare public opinion for regime change in 1974. Another weekly is O Independente, founded in 1988, which specializes in political satire. In addition to these newspapers, Portugal has a large number of newspapers and magazines published for a specific readership: sports fans, gardeners, farmers, boating enthusiasts, etc. In addition to the two state-owned TV channels, Portugal has two independent channels, one of which is operated by the Catholic Church. TV programming is now diverse and sophisticated, with a great variety of programs of both domestic and foreign content. The most popular TV programs have been soap operas and serialized novels ( telenovelas) imported from Brazil. In the 1990s, Portugal attempted to produce its own telenovelas and soap operas, but these have not been as popular as the more exotic Brazilian imports.

    See also Cinema; Oliveira, Manoel de.